Chordophones
Bağlama
Bağlama
Plucked Instruments
Middle East
Unknown
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The bağlama, also known as the saz, is a traditional Turkish string instrument and an essential member of the long-necked lute family. Renowned for its rich, expressive sound, the bağlama plays a central role in Turkish folk music and remains a popular instrument for both traditional and contemporary musicians in Turkey and beyond.
Characteristics
The bağlama’s distinctive structure includes a deep, rounded back, typically crafted from woods like mulberry, juniper, or walnut, which enhances its resonant tone. It has a long neck with a flat soundboard, supporting a configuration of seven strings grouped in courses of two, two, and three. The instrument’s unique, adjustable frets are traditionally tied with fishing line, allowing players to shift pitch and execute microtonal scales, characteristic of Turkish music.
Historical Background
With roots that trace back to Central Asia, the bağlama evolved from earlier instruments like the kopuz, a traditional Central Asian lute. The term “bağlama” comes from the Turkish word for “to tie,” likely referencing its frets tied to the neck. Written records mention the bağlama as early as the 18th century, though it is believed to have been a prominent instrument in Turkish music for much longer.
Cultural Significance
The bağlama is not only a key instrument in Turkish folk music but also serves a deep cultural role. It accompanies the traditional music of *âşıks*—Turkish poet-musicians who often use the bağlama to perform songs infused with storytelling, love, and social themes. The instrument appears in various forms across Turkey, each variation providing a unique sound suited to different musical purposes. Common types include the long-necked bağlama (uzun saplı) and short-necked bağlama (kısa saplı), both widely used in genres from Turkish folk to Ottoman classical music.
Modern Developments
Today, the bağlama remains integral to Turkish music, with contemporary musicians adapting it to various styles. Innovations in playing techniques, such as şelpe (a fingerpicking style) and parmak vurma (a percussive effect achieved by tapping the strings), add versatility to the instrument. Additionally, the creation of the electric bağlama has enabled musicians to amplify the instrument for larger performances, broadening its appeal and accessibility.
As both a cultural emblem and a versatile musical instrument, the bağlama continues to bridge traditional Turkish sounds with modern music, inspiring musicians and audiences across genres.
FAQ
What is a bağlama?
The bağlama, also known as the saz, is a traditional Turkish string instrument from the lute family, widely used in Turkish folk music and other genres for its deep, resonant sound.
What are the main characteristics of the bağlama?
The bağlama has a rounded wooden body, a long neck with adjustable frets, and typically features seven strings arranged in three courses. Its frets are tied to the neck with fishing line, allowing for unique microtonal scales.
How is the bağlama used in Turkish music?
The bağlama is central to Turkish folk music and is often played by Turkish poet-musicians, known as *âşıks*. It’s also used in Ottoman classical and Turkish Arabesque music, adding both rhythmic and melodic depth.
What are some modern developments in bağlama playing?
Modern developments include techniques like *şelpe* (fingerpicking) and *parmak vurma* (percussive effects), as well as the electric bağlama, which allows for amplified performances and expanded genre use.
How does the bağlama differ from other lutes?
Unlike many lutes, the bağlama has adjustable frets tied to the neck, allowing for the microtonal intervals necessary for Turkish music. Its deep, round body and specific string arrangement also set it apart from other lute family instruments.
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