Masenqo

Video

The Masenqo (Amharic: ማሲንቆ; Tigrinya: ጭራ-ዋጣ (ዋጣ)), also known as Masinko, is a traditional single-stringed bowed lute from Eritrea and Ethiopia. The instrument is deeply embedded in the cultural music of these regions and is primarily played by minstrels known as azmaris, who are not only skilled instrumentalists but also singers. Despite its role as an accompaniment instrument, playing the masenqo demands significant skill and precision, particularly as it is often played while singing.

History and Cultural Significance

The masenqo is an essential element of Ethiopian and Eritrean musical traditions, especially in the context of azmari performances. Azmaris, known for their improvisational singing and commentary on social issues, use the masenqo to accompany their voices. The instrument’s origins are somewhat unclear, but it has long been a staple in the musical landscape of these regions. It is often associated with the Krar, another traditional string instrument from the same regions, but the masenqo distinguishes itself with its unique sound and playing technique.

Construction and Design

The masenqo is crafted from wood, rawhide, and horsehair, with a design that is both functional and symbolic. The resonator, which is either square or diamond-shaped, is made from four small wooden boards that are glued together. This structure is then covered with a tightly stretched piece of parchment or rawhide, which serves as the soundboard. The single string, typically made of horsehair, runs over a bridge and is secured by a large tuning peg that allows the player to adjust the pitch to match their vocal range.

The instrument’s compact size, approximately 32 inches in height, makes it portable and easy to handle, which is ideal for azmaris who perform in various settings. The masenqo can be bowed with either the right or left hand, depending on the player’s preference, while the non-bow hand lightly rests on the string to alter the pitch.

Playing Technique

Playing the masenqo requires dexterity and a good sense of pitch. The player uses a bow made of horsehair to create sound by drawing it across the string. The non-bow hand is used to press lightly on the string to change the pitch, much like playing a traditional violin but with a single string. The instrument’s tuning is adjusted using a large peg, which is turned to tighten or loosen the string. The masenqo is typically tuned to complement the singer’s voice, ensuring that the instrument supports the vocal performance without overpowering it.

Modern Use and Preservation

Today, the masenqo continues to be a significant part of Ethiopian and Eritrean music, particularly in rural areas where traditional music still thrives. While modern instruments have been introduced into the music of these regions, the masenqo remains a beloved instrument among azmaris and their audiences. Efforts to preserve and promote traditional music have helped maintain the masenqo’s presence in cultural performances, and it continues to be an instrument of choice for those who cherish its unique sound and historical significance.

FAQ

What is the masenqo?

The masenqo is a single-stringed bowed lute from Ethiopia and Eritrea, used primarily by minstrels called azmaris to accompany traditional songs.

What materials are used to make the masenqo?

The masenqo is made from wood, rawhide (used for the resonator), and horse hair, which is used for the string and the bow.

How is the masenqo played?

The masenqo is played using a bow on the single string, while the non-bow hand rests on the string to adjust the pitch. It is tuned to match the singer's vocal range.

Links