Pandiero

Q: What are the jingles on a pandeiro called?

The jingles on a pandeiro are called 'platinelas.' They are arranged in a single row and can be muted for a more controlled sound.

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The pandeiro is a Brazilian frame drum that has become a hallmark of Brazilian music, especially in genres like samba, choro, and capoeira. This versatile percussion instrument, similar in appearance to a tambourine, is known for its unique design, varied playing techniques, and rhythmic flexibility.

Characteristics

The pandeiro consists of a shallow, cylindrical shell made from wood or synthetic materials, typically measuring between 8 and 12 inches in diameter. The single drumhead is usually made of goatskin or plastic, which allows for diverse tonal possibilities. One of its defining features is the set of jingles, known as platinelas, which are thin metal discs arranged around the frame. Unlike those on a tambourine, these jingles sit in a single row and are often muted by the player to create a more controlled sound.

Playing Technique

The pandeiro is held in one hand while the other strikes the head using various techniques, such as finger taps, thumb strokes, and palm slaps, to create contrasting sounds. Musicians can also shake or tilt the pandeiro to enhance the sound of the jingles, and rubbing a finger along the head can produce additional textures. This range of techniques allows for rhythmic complexity, making the pandeiro integral to Brazilian music’s syncopated rhythms.

Historical Background

The pandeiro is thought to have evolved from Iberian instruments like the Spanish pandeireta and the Portuguese adufe, which were brought to Brazil during the colonial period. Its design and rhythmic style have been influenced by African musical traditions, a reflection of Brazil’s rich cultural heritage. Over time, the pandeiro became central to various Brazilian music forms, especially samba and capoeira, embodying the lively spirit of Brazilian festivals and celebrations.

Cultural Significance

In Brazilian music ensembles, the pandeiro provides both rhythm and accompaniment, often acting as the rhythmic foundation within the bateria (percussion section) of samba schools. The instrument is also key in capoeira, accompanying the martial art’s movements with lively rhythms. Notable musicians such as Paulinho Da Costa and Airto Moreira have popularized the pandeiro internationally, demonstrating its versatility beyond traditional Brazilian music.

Modern Developments

The pandeiro continues to thrive in contemporary music settings. It has found a place in diverse genres, with musicians incorporating it into drum kits and live performances worldwide. Additionally, the pandeiro is widely taught in music schools, often included in Brazilian percussion studies, helping to preserve its cultural significance and introduce it to new generations.

The pandeiro remains a vibrant symbol of Brazilian culture, celebrated for its unique sound and expressive capabilities, and continues to inspire musicians globally.

FAQ

What is a pandeiro?

The pandeiro is a Brazilian percussion instrument similar to a tambourine, featuring a shallow frame drum with jingles and a single drumhead, commonly used in samba, choro, and capoeira music.

How is the pandeiro played?

The pandeiro is held in one hand while the other hand strikes the head, using techniques such as slaps, taps, and shakes. This allows for varied rhythms and sounds.

What are the jingles on a pandeiro called?

The jingles on a pandeiro are called platinelas. They are arranged in a single row and can be muted for a more controlled sound.

In which musical settings is the pandeiro used?

The pandeiro is widely used in Brazilian music, especially in samba schools, choro ensembles, capoeira performances, and popular music.

What is the significance of the pandeiro in Brazilian culture?

The pandeiro is a key symbol of Brazilian musical tradition, used in celebrations, festivals, and traditional performances, embodying the country’s cultural diversity and rhythm.

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