Violinzither

The Violinzither, also known as the Violinharp, is a unique hybrid string instrument in the zither family. Invented in 1925 by Clemens Neuber in Klingenthal, Germany, this instrument combines aspects of the chord zither and the concert zither. It is primarily used for melodic play using a violin bow, while its accompanying strings are plucked to provide harmonic support.

History

The Violinzither was developed by Clemens Neuber in the musical town of Klingenthal, a region known for its long-standing tradition in crafting musical instruments. Invented in 1925, the Violinzither quickly gained popularity for its versatility, offering musicians a combination of the chordal capabilities of a zither with the melodic fluidity of bowed strings.

In addition to Neuber’s original design, a variant called the Concert Violin Harp was later created by Max Lausmann, expanding the instrument’s tonal range and usability. Many violin zithers were marketed under the brand name “Kalliope” by the C. A. Wunderlich company, and luthier C. Robert Hopf has continued the tradition of manufacturing violin zithers since the 1920s.

Design & Structure

The Violinzither features eighteen melodic strings arranged in two vertical rows, with the scale alternating between rows. This design allows players to produce a wide range of notes while using a violin bow (approximately 55 cm in length) for melodic play. The instrument is typically tuned diatonically in the key of C major, with a range spanning two and a half octaves from C4 to F5. Some models have also been made with semichromatic or chromatic tunings, providing added versatility for different musical styles.

Besides the melodic strings, the Violinzither includes five or six sets of accompaniment strings that provide harmonic support. These strings are plucked with the left hand, while the right hand uses the bow to play the melodic strings, allowing for a rich combination of bowed and plucked sounds.

Playing Technique

The Violinzither is played with a combination of bowing and plucking techniques:

• Bowing: The violin bow is used to play the melodic strings, producing sustained and expressive notes. The bow can be used for smooth, legato playing as well as for creating dynamic effects with variations in pressure and speed.
• Plucking: The left hand plucks the accompaniment strings, which provide a harmonic foundation for the bowed melody. This dual technique allows musicians to create complex textures and accompaniment patterns, similar to a self-accompanied soloist.

Variants

One of the notable variants of the Violinzither is the Concert Violin Harp, designed by Max Lausmann. This version often features additional strings and an expanded tuning system, making it more adaptable for a wider range of musical styles. The “Kalliope” series by C. A. Wunderlich became popular among musicians for its quality and craftsmanship, serving as a preferred choice for both professional and amateur players.

Cultural Significance

The Violinzither remains a cherished instrument in regions where the zither family holds cultural importance, particularly in Germany and surrounding areas. It bridges the gap between traditional zither music and classical stringed instruments, offering a unique sound that blends the characteristics of both families. While it is less common in contemporary settings, the Violinzither continues to captivate enthusiasts and collectors who appreciate its historical value and distinctive tonal qualities.